Resistencia adquirida durante el tratamiento de la tuberculosis farmacorresistente: revisión y metaanálisis
Palabras clave:
susceptibilidad, microbiología, epidemiología, terapéutica, heterogeneidadResumen
La resistencia adquirida durante el tratamiento de la tuberculosis farmacorresistente puede comprometer la eficacia de medicamentos esenciales, por lo que se analizó su frecuencia con énfasis en bedaquilina. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica estructurada y un metaanálisis de estudios publicados entre 2016 y julio de 2026. Se incluyeron 30 artículos originales; el análisis principal integró 3 estudios, 991 pacientes evaluables y 22 eventos. La resistencia adquirida a bedaquilina fue de 2,23 % en cohortes programáticas y alcanzó 34,21 % en poblaciones de alto riesgo o fracaso terapéutico; para linezolid, la estimación agrupada fue 24,50 %. El análisis exploratorio mostró elevada heterogeneidad entre poblaciones, lo que evidencia la influencia del contexto clínico y terapéutico. La resistencia fue baja en condiciones programáticas, pero aumentó ante fracaso terapéutico, persistencia microbiológica, exposición previa o disponibilidad limitada de medicamentos activos, destacando la importancia del seguimiento microbiológico y de regímenes con suficiente actividad terapéutica.
Referencias
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Derechos de autor 2026 Coello-Llerena, María Fernanda, Moreira-Flores, Mariuxi Magdalena, Benítez-Navarrete, Paola Maribel, Pacheco-Cabrera, Carmen Alejandrina (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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